Performing Electrical Studies (day 1 Morning) |
| The Basics |
- History
- Bohr Model
- Magnetism
- Voltage & Current
- Resistance
- Time Constants
- Capacitance
- Inductance
- Impedance
- Simple Transformer
- 3-Phase Advantages & Electrical Systems
- Generating Station Electrical Configurations
- 3-Phase Relationships
- Transformer Connection Phasors
|
| Conversions |
| Conductor Parameters |
- Buses
- Insulated Cable
- Overhead Cable
|
| Voltage Studies |
- Transformer Tap Optimization
- Bus Voltage Drop
- Line Voltage Drop
- Collapsing Delta
- Capacitive Voltage Rise
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| Power Transfer |
- Two Generator System
- Transmission System Considerations
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| Paralleling Buses |
| Ohmic Short Circuit Calculations |
|
| Applying the Per Unit System (day 1 Afternoon) |
Conversions
|
| Short Circuit Studies |
- Delta/Delta Short Circuit
- Wye/Delta Short Circuit
- Delta/Wye Short Circuit
- Phase to Phase Faults
- Phase to Ground Faults
- Sequence Impedances
- Z0/Z1 Ratio
- Alternative Ground Fault Procedure
- Generator Short Circuit
- Generator De-Excitation
- Motor Short Circuit Contribution
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| AUXILIARY SYSTEM PROTECTION (DAY 2 MORNING) |
Time Overcurrent Protection
|
- Asymmetrical Current
- Overcurrent Curves
- Overcurrent Elements
- Induced Currents
- Current Transformers
- Coordination
- Motor Overcurrent
- MCC Source Feeder Overcurrent
- Bus-Tie Overcurrent
- Transformer Secondary Side Overcurrent
- Transformer Primary Side Overcurrent
- Residual Ground Overcurrent
|
| Transformer Differential |
| Residual Voltage Transfer Schemes |
|
| High Impedance Grounding (day 2 Afternoon) |
Applications
|
- Advantages
- Induced Voltages
- Transformer Coupling
- Transient Mitigation
- Charging Microfarads
- Neutral Grounding Transformers
- I²T Calculations
- Wye Grounded/Broken Delta Schemes
- Mitigating Neutral Instability or 3-phase Ferro Resonance
- One Transformer Schemes
- Two Transformer Schemes
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| GENERATOR PROTECTION (DAY 3) |
| Generator Data |
| GSU Transformer Data |
| Transmission System Data |
| Protective Relay Ohms |
| Switchyard Configurations |
| Switchyard Protection Concerns |
- Critical Clearing Times
- Infeed Ohms
- Proposed Switchyard Protection
|
| Generator Protective Functions |
- Backup Impedance (21)
- Volts/Hz (24)
- Sync Check (25)
- Reverse Power (32)
- Loss of Field (40)
- Negative Phase Sequence (46)
- Inadvertent Energization (50/27)
- Pole Flashover (50PF)
- GSUT Pre-synchronized Ground Fault (50S)
- GSUT Ground Bank Overcurrent (51GB)
- Stator Ground (64)
- Out of Step (78)
- Over/Under Frequency (81)
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| NERC Boundaries |
| Tripping Philosophy |
| Tripping Redundancy |
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| ELECTRICAL APPARATUS SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS (DAY 4 MORNING) |
Apparatus Life Estimation
|
| Buses |
|
| Cable |
- Withstand Seconds
- Fusion Seconds
- Line Loss
|
| Circuit Breakers |
- Arc voltages
- Overvoltage Testing
- Short Circuit Duty
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| Generators |
- Generator Temperature
- Overvoltage Testing
- X/R Ratio
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| ELECTRICAL APPARATUS SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS (DAY 4 AFTERNOON) |
| Metering |
- Three Element
- Two Element
- Demand
- Watts
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| Motors |
- Overvoltage Testing
- Locked Rotor Amps
- X/R Ratio
- Voltage Drop
- Switching Transients
- Unbalanced Supply Voltages
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| Transformers |
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